Dihydrobenzoquinazolinone M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to dihydrobenzoquinazilinone compounds of formula (I) which are M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators and that are useful in the treatment of diseases in which the M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, schizophrenia, pain or sleep disorders. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and to the use of the compounds and compositions in the treatment of diseases mediated by the M1 receptor.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Stage of International Application No.PCT/US2011/053813 filed on Sep. 29, 2011, which claims the benefit under35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/389,334, filedOct. 4, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed to a class of dihydrobenzoquinazolinonecompounds, their salts, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them andtheir use in therapy of the human body. In particular, the invention isdirected to a class of dihydrobenzoquinazolinone compounds which aremuscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators, and hence areuseful in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and other diseasesmediated by the muscarinic M1 receptor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Alzheimer's Disease is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting theelderly, resulting in progressive memory impairment, loss of languageand visuospatial skills, and behavior deficits. Characteristics of thedisease include degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cerebralcortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, and other regions of the brain,neurofibrillary tangles, and accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ).Aβ is a 39-43 amino acid produced in the brain by processing of thebeta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the beta-amyloid proteincleaving enzyme (“beta secretase” or “BACE”) and gamma-secretase. Theprocessing leads to accumulation of Aβ in the brain.

Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the binding of acetylcholineeither to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) or to themuscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). It has been hypothesized thatcholinergic hypofunction contributes to the cognitive deficits ofpatients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease. Consequently, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which inhibit acetylcholine hydrolysis, havebeen approved in the United States for use in the treatment of thecognitive impairments of Alzheimer's Disease patients. While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have provided some cognitive enhancement inAlzheimer's Disease patients, the therapy has not been shown to changethe underlying disease pathology.

A second potential pharmacotherapeutic target to counteract cholinergichypofunction is the activation of muscarinic receptors. Muscarinicreceptors are prevalent throughout the body. Five distinct muscarinicreceptors (M1-M5) have been identified in mammals. In the centralnervous system, muscarinic receptors are involved in cognitive,behavior, sensory, motor and autonomic functions. The muscarinic M1receptor, which is prevalent in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus andstriatum, has been found to have a major role in cognitive processingand is believed to have a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer'sDisease. See Eglen et al, TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences, 2001,22:8, 409-414.

In addition, unlike acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors, which are known toprovide only symptomatic treatment, M1 agonists also have the potentialto treat the underlying disease mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease. Thecholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease is linked to bothβ-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Formation of β-amyloidmay impair the coupling of the muscarinic receptor with G-proteins.Stimulation of the M1 muscarinic receptor has been shown to increaseformation of the neuroprotective αAPPs fragment, thereby preventing theformation of the Aβ peptide. Thus, M1 agonists may alter APP processingand enhance αAPPs secretion. See Fisher, Jpn J Pharmacol, 2000,84:101-112.

However, M1 ligands which have been developed and studied forAlzheimer's Disease have produced side effects common to othermuscarinic receptor ligands, such as sweating, nausea and diarrhea. SeeSpalding et al, Mol Pharmacol, 2002, 61:6, 1297-1302.

The muscarinic receptors are known to contain one or more allostericsites, which may alter the affinity with which muscarinic ligands bindto the primary binding or orthosteric sites. See, e.g., S. Lazareno etal, Mol Pharmacol, 2002, 62:6, 1491-1505; S. Lazareno et al, MolPharmacol, 2000, 58, 194-207.

Thus the compounds of the invention, which are muscarinic M1 receptorpositive allosteric modulators, are believed to be useful in thetreatment of Alzheimer's disease and other diseases mediated by themuscarinic M1 receptor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to novel dihydrobenzoquinazolinonecompounds of generic formula (I) described below, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, which is useful as an M1 receptor positiveallosteric modulator.

The invention is further directed to methods of treating a patient(preferably a human) for diseases or disorders in which the M1 receptoris involved, such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment,schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders, by administering tothe patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of generalformula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Theinvention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions which includean effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, andthe use of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of theinvention in the treatment of such diseases.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the invention is directed todihydrobenzoquinazolinone compounds of general formula (I)

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, whereinY is selected from the group consisting of

-   -   (1) a C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle group, said heterocycle optionally        substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R¹, and    -   (2) C₆₋₁₀ aryl group, said aryl optionally substituted with 1 to        3 groups of R¹,        R¹ is selected from the group consisting of    -   (1) hydrogen,    -   (2) C₆₋₁₀aryl,    -   (3) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle,    -   (4) (CH₂)_(n)halogen,    -   (5) —CN,    -   (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (7) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (8) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl    -   (9) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁴,    -   (10) —NR^(5A)R^(5B),    -   (11) —OH,    -   (12) -oxo    -   wherein said aryl, heterocycle, alkyl and alkenyl moiety is        optionally substituted with one to three of        -   (a) halogen,        -   (b) hydroxy,        -   (c) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,        -   (d) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,        -   (e) —C(═O)—(O)_(m)—R⁶,        -   (f) —N(R^(5A)R^(5B)),        -   (g) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁸, or        -   (h) C₅₋₁₀heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with 1            to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl,            R² is selected from the group consisting of    -   (1) hydrogen,    -   (2) C₆₋₁₀aryl,    -   (3) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle,    -   (4) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl    -   (4) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (5) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (6) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl,    -   (7) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁴,    -   (8) —C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl,    -   (9) —C₅₋₈ cycloalkenyl,    -   (11) —NR^(5A)R^(5B),    -   wherein said aryl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkyl, alkyl,        alkenyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl moiety is optionally        substituted with one or more        -   (a) halogen,        -   (b) hydroxy,        -   (c) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,        -   (d) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,        -   (e) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁸,        -   (f) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl,        -   (g) —CN,        -   (h) —C(═O)—(═O)_(rn)—R⁶,        -   (i) —NR^(5A)R^(5B),        -   (j) oxo,        -   (k) C₆₋₁₀ aryl,        -   (l) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle,        -   (m) C₅₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl group,        -   (n) —OC(═O)—R⁶,        -   wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic            moiety is optionally substituted with one or more            -   (i) halogen,            -   (ii) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, or            -   (iii) —OC₁₋₆ alkyl;                R⁴, R⁶ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group                consisting of    -   (1) hydrogen,    -   (2) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (3) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and    -   (3) —(CH₂)_(n)-aryl,    -   wherein said R⁴, R⁶ and R⁸ alkyl or aryl moiety is optionally        substituted with one or more        -   (a) halogen,        -   (b) cyano, and        -   (c) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, wherein said alkyl is optionally            substituted with one or more halogen;            R^(5A) and R^(5B) are selected from the group consisting of    -   (1) hydrogen,    -   (2) —C₁₋₆ alkyl,    -   (3) —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,    -   (4) —C(═O)—O—R⁶,    -   (5) —S(O)₂—R⁶,    -   or R^(5A) and R^(5B) are linked together with the nitrogen to        which they are both attached to form a 2-6 membered carbocyclic        ring, wherein one or two of the ring carbon atoms is optionally        replaced by a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur;        m is 0 or 1; and        n is 0, 1 or 2.

In a particular embodiment of the compounds of formula (I) Y isC₆₋₁₀aryl, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R¹ selected fromthe group consisting of C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN,—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and—NR^(5A)R^(5B), said heterocycle optionally substituted with 1 to 3groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In another particular embodiment of the compounds of formula (I) Y isC₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R¹selected from the group consisting of C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, OH,(CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl,—SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), said heteroaryl optionally substitutedwith 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl.

Exemplary R¹ groups include hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl,1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, hydroxymethyl, cyano, methylsulfonyl, oxo,chloro, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, methoxy, phenyl,1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 1-isobutyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl,1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 3-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-pyridyl-3-yl,6-methoxy-pyridyl-3-yl, 6-methyl-pyridyl-3-yl, 5-fluoro-pyridyl-3-yl,5-methyl-pyridyl-3-yl, 5-methyl-pyridyl-3-yl, 5-chloro-pyridyl-3-yl,5-methoxy-pyridyl-3-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazolyl and dimethylamino.

In a particular embodiment of the compounds of formula (I) R² is —C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, such as cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, optionally substituted asdescribed above, preferably substituted with 1 to 3 groups of hydroxy.

In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (I), R² is selectedfrom the group consisting of

(1) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, and

(2) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl wherein said heterocycle or heterocycloalkylis optionally substituted as described above. A suitable. R²heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted pyranyl, preferably thesubstituent is hydroxy. Suitable R² heterocycle groups includeoptionally substituted pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl,triazolyl and azaindolizinyl.

In still another particular embodiment of the compounds of formula (I),R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl. Suitable R⁴ groups are hydrogen, methyl, ethylpropyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

In yet another embodiment the invention is directed to methods oftreating a patient (preferably a human) for diseases in which the M1receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's Disease, cognitive impairment,schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders, by administering tothe patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of generalformula (I).

The invention is also directed to the use of a compound of formula (I)for treating diseases or disorders in which the M1 receptor is involved,such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, paindisorders and sleep disorders.

The invention is also directed to medicaments or pharmaceuticalcompositions for treating diseases or disorders in which the M1 receptoris involved, such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment,schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders, which comprise acompound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention is further directed to a method for the manufacture of amedicament or a composition for treating diseases or disorders in whichthe M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitiveimpairment, schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders,comprising combining a compound of formula (I) with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Within the genus of compounds of formula (I), there is a sub-genus ofcompounds of formula (II) or (IIA):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R⁴ and Y are asoriginally described, and X is —CH₂— or —O—. In a particular embodimentof the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA), X is —CH₂—. In anotherembodiment of the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA) X is —O—.

In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA) X is—CH₂— or —O—, and Y is C₆₋₁₀aryl, optionally substituted with 1 to 3groups of R¹ selected from the group consisting of C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle,OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl,—SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), said heterocycle optionally substitutedwith 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl. A subembodiment of this invention isrealized when Y is optionally substituted phenyl. In yet anothersubembodiment of this invention R⁴ is independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl. Suitable R⁴groups are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

In another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA) X is—CH₂— or —O—, and Y is C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, optionally substituted with 1to 3 groups of R¹ selected from the group consisting of C₅₋₁₀heteroaryl, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), said heteroaryl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl. A subembodiment of thisinvention is realized when Y is optionally substituted pyridyl. Anothersubembodiment of this invention is realized when Y is optionallysubstituted indolyl. In yet another subembodiment of this invention R⁴is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, and C₂₋₆ alkenyl. Suitable R⁴ groups are hydrogen, methyl, ethylpropyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

Still another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA) isrealized when X is —CH₂—, Y is C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, said heterocycleoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R₁ selected from the groupconsisting of C₅₋₁₀ heteroaryl, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), saidheteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl, andR⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl. A subembodiment of this invention is realizedwhen Y is pyridyl or indolyl, said pyridyl or indolyl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 groups of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,methoxy, difluormethyl, fluoromethyl, chloro, or methylsulfonyl, or amixture thereof. A particular embodiment of this invention is realizedwhen X is —CH₂—, Y is pyridyl or indolyl, said pyridyl or indolyloptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of methyl, ethyl, propyl,isopropyl, methoxy, difluormethyl, fluoromethyl, chloro, ormethylsulfonyl, or a mixture thereof, and R⁴ is selected from the groupconsisting of methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

Yet another embodiment of the compounds of formula (II) or (IIA) isrealized when X is —O—, Y is C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, said heterocycleoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R₁ selected from the groupconsisting of C₅₋₁₀ heteroaryl, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and NR^(5A)R^(5B), saidheteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl, andR⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl. A subembodiment of this invention is realizedwhen Y is pyridyl or indolyl, said pyridyl or indolyl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 groups of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,methoxy, difluormethyl, fluoromethyl, chloro, or methylsulfonyl, or amixture thereof. A particular embodiment of this invention is realizedwhen X is —O—, Y is pyridyl or indolyl, said pyridyl or indolyloptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of methyl, ethyl, propyl,isopropyl, methoxy, difluormethyl, fluoromethyl, chloro, ormethylsulfonyl, or a mixture thereof, and R⁴ is selected from the groupconsisting of methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

In another sub-genus within the genus of compounds of formula (I), thereare compounds of formula (III):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R² and R⁴ are asoriginally described and A is optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀ heteroaryl(as described above). A subembodiment of the compounds of formula (III)is realized when A is optionally substituted pyridyl or indolyl, R² isoptionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, or C₅₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl. Another sub-embodiment of thecompounds of formula (III) is realized when A is optionally substitutedpyridyl, R² is selected from the group consisting of optionallysubstituted pyranyl, hexyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl,triazolyl and azaindolizinyl, preferably pyranyl or hexyl, and R⁴ isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl propyl,isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl. Still another sub-embodiment of thecompounds of formula (III) is realized when A is optionally substitutedindolyl, R² is selected from the group consisting of optionallysubstituted pyranyl, hexyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl,triazolyl and azaindolizinyl, preferably pyranyl or hexyl, and R⁴ isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl propyl,isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.

In another sub-genus within the genus of compounds of formula (I), thereare compounds of formula (IV) or (IVA):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, A and R⁴ areas described above. A subembodiment of the compounds of formula (IV) or(IVA) is realized when X is —CH2- or —O—, A is optionally substitutedpyridyl or indolyl and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl. Asubembodiment of the compounds of formula ((IV) or (IVA) is realizedwhen X is —CH2- and A is optionally substituted pyridyl. Anothersubembodiment of the compounds of formula ((IV) or (IVA) is realizedwhen X is —CH2- and A is optionally substituted indolyl. Still anothersubembodiment of the compounds of formula ((IV) or (IVA) is realizedwhen X is —O— and A is optionally substituted pyridyl. Yet anothersubembodiment of the compounds of formula ((IV) or (IVA) is realizedwhen X is —O— and A is optionally substituted indolyl.

Specific examples of the compounds of formula (I) are:

-   1,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-{6-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-L-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-Anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[6-(methylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;-   3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-methyl-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one;-   3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-propyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one;-   1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(fluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(fluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;    and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Suitable    pharmaceutically acceptable salts include ammonium, sodium,    potassium, hydrochloride, hydrobromide and fumarate.

The invention is also directed to methods of treating a patient(preferably a human) for diseases or disorders in which the M1 receptoris involved, such as Alzheimer's Disease, cognitive impairment,schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders, by administering tothe patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulae(I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

The invention is also directed to the use of a compound of formulae (I),(II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA), for treating a disease or disorderin which the M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's Disease,cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, pain disorders and sleep disorders,by administering to the patient a compound of formulae (I), (II), (IIA),(III), (IV) and (IVA), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention is also directed to medicaments or pharmaceuticalcompositions for the treatment of diseases or disorders in a patient(preferably a human) in which the M1 receptor is involved, such asAlzheimer's Disease, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, paindisorders, and sleep disorders, which comprise a compound of formulae(I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention is also directed to a method for the manufacture of amedicament or a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases inwhich M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's Disease, cognitiveimpairment, schizophrenia, pain disorders, and sleep disorders,comprising combining a compound of formulae (I), (II), (IIA), (III),(IV) and (IVA), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

When any variable (e.g. aryl, heterocycle, R¹, R⁵ etc.) occurs more thanone time in any constituent, its definition on each occurrence isindependent at every other occurrence. Also, combinations ofsubstituents/or variables are permissible only if such combinationsresult in stable compounds.

When R¹ is —O— or oxo and attached to a carbon it is referred to as acarbonyl group and when it is attached to a nitrogen (e.g., nitrogenatom on a pyridyl group) or sulfur atom it is referred to a N-oxide andsulfoxide group, respectively.

As used herein, “alkyl” encompasses groups having the prefix “alk” suchas, for example, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl and means carbonchains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examplesof alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and heptyl. “Alkenyl” refers to ahydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 10carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon double bond. Preferredalkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl and cyclohexenyl.Preferably, alkenyl is C₂-C₆ alkenyl. Preferred alkynyla are C₂-C₆alkynyl.

“Alkenyl,” “alkynyl” and other like terms include carbon chainscontaining at least one unsaturated C—C bond.

As used herein, “fluoroalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituent asdescribed herein containing at least one fluorine substituent.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated hydrocarbon containing onering having a specified number of carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkylinclude cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

The term “C₁₋₆” includes alkyls containing 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 carbonatoms

The term “alkoxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, includes analkyl group connected to the oxy connecting atom. The term “alkoxy” alsoincludes alkyl ether groups, where the term ‘alkyl’ is defined above,and ‘ether’ means two alkyl groups with an oxygen atom between them.Examples of suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,i-propoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, methoxymethane (also referredto as ‘dimethyl ether’), and methoxyethane (also referred to as ‘ethylmethyl ether’).

As used herein, “aryl” is intended to mean any stable monocyclic orbicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at leastone ring is aromatic. Examples of such aryl elements include phenyl,napthyl, tetrahydronapthyl, indanyl, or biphenyl.

The term heterocycle, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclic, as used herein,represents a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or stable 8- to11-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is either saturated orunsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to fourheteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, andincluding any bicyclic group in which any of the above-definedheterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. The heterocyclic ring maybe attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in thecreation of a stable structure. The term heterocycle or heterocyclicincludes heteroaryl moieties. Examples of such heterocyclic elementsinclude, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl,benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl,benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl,cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl,dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone,1,3-dioxolanyl, furyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl,indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl,isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl,naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl,2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, pyridyl,pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl,tetrahydrofinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl,thienofuryl, thienothienyl, thienyl and triazolyl.

In certain embodiments, the heterocyclic group is a heteroaryl group.The term “heteroaryl”, as used herein except where noted, represents astable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic- or stable 9- to 10-membered fusedbicyclic heterocyclic ring system which contains an aromatic ring, anyring of which may be saturated, such as piperidinyl, partiallysaturated, or unsaturated, such as pyridinyl, and which consists ofcarbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the groupconsisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfurheteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom mayoptionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which anyof the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. Theheterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom whichresults in the creation of a stable structure. Examples of suchheteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzimidazole,benzisothiazole, benzisoxazole, benzofuran, benzothiazole,benzothiophene, benzotriazole, benzoxazole, carboline, cinnoline, furan,furazan, imidazole, indazole, indole, indolizine, isoquinoline,isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, phthalazine,pteridine, purine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine,pyrimidine, pyrrole, quinazoline, quinoline, quinoxaline, tetrazole,thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazine, triazole, and N-oxidesthereof.

In certain other embodiments, the heterocyclic group is fused to an arylor heteroaryl group. Examples of such fused heterocycles include,without limitation, tetrahydroquinolinyl and dihydrobenzofuranyl.

The term “heterocycloalkyl”, as used herein except where noted,represents a non-aromatic cyclic or polycyclic group having from five totwelve ring atoms selected from C, O, N or S, at least one of which isO, N or S. Examples of heterocycloalkyls include azetidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyranyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolidin-2-one, piperidin-2-one, andthiomorpholinyl.

The term “heteroatom” means O, S or N, selected on an independent basis.

A moiety that is substituted is one in which one or more hydrogens havebeen independently replaced with another chemical substituent. As anon-limiting example, substituted phenyls include 2-fluorophenyl,3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl, 2,4-fluor-3-propylphenyl.As another non-limiting example, substituted n-octyls include 2,4dimethyl-5-ethyl-octyl and 3-cyclopentyloctyl. Included within thisdefinition are methylenes (—CH₂—) substituted with oxygen to formcarbonyl (—CO—).

Unless otherwise stated, as employed herein, when a moiety (e.g.,cycloalkyl, hydrocarbyl, aryl, alkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, urea,etc.) is described as “optionally substituted” it is meant that thegroup optionally has from one to four, preferably from one to three,more preferably one or two, non-hydrogen substituents. Suitablesubstituents include, without limitation, halo, hydroxy, oxo (e.g., anannular —CH— substituted with oxo is —C(O)—), nitro, halohydrocarbyl,hydrocarbyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, acylamino,alkylcarbamoyl, arylcarbamoyl, aminoalkyl, acyl, carboxy, hydroxyalkyl,alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkanesulfonamido, arenesulfonamido,aralkylsulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, acyloxy, cyano, and ureido groups.Preferred substituents, which are themselves not further substituted(unless expressly stated otherwise) are:

-   -   (a) halo, cyano, oxo, carboxy, formyl, nitro, amino, amidino,        guanidino, and    -   (b) C₁-C₆ alkyl or alkenyl or arylalkyl imino, carbamoyl, azido,        carboxamide, mercapto, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylaryl,        arylalkyl, C₁-C₈ alkyl, SO₂CF₃, CF₃, SO₂Me, C₁-C₈ alkenyl, C₁-C₈        alkoxy, C₁-C₈ alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, C₂-C₈ acyl, C₂-C₈        acylamino, C₁-C₈ alkylthio, arylalkylthio, arylthio,        C₁-C₈alkylsulfinyl, arylalkylsulfnyl, arylsulfnyl, C₁-C₈        alkylsulfonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, C₀-C₆        N-alkylcarbamoyl, C₂-C₁₅ N,N dialkylcarbamoyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,        aroyl, aryloxy, arylalkyl ether, aryl, aryl fused to a        cycloalkyl or heterocycle or another aryl ring, C₃-C₇        heterocycle, or any of these rings fused or spiro-fused to a        cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl, wherein each of the foregoing        is further optionally substituted with one more moieties listed        in (a), above.

“Halogen” and “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

The term “mammal” “mammalian” or “mammals” includes humans, as well asanimals, such as dogs, cats, horses, pigs and cattle.

All patents, patent applications and publications cited herein, whethersupra or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entiretyand are deemed representative of the prevailing state of the art.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singularforms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural references unless the contentclearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a primer”includes two or more such primers, reference to “an amino acid” includesmore than one such amino acid, and the like.

The compounds of the invention may have one or more asymmetric centers.Compounds with asymmetric centers give rise to enantiomers (opticalisomers), diastereomers (configurational isomers) or both, and it isintended that all of the possible enantiomers and diastereomers inmixtures and as pure or partially purified compounds are included withinthe scope of this invention. The present invention is meant to encompassall such isomeric forms of the compounds of formulae (I), (II), (IIA),(III), (IV) and (IVA).

Formulae (I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA) are shown above withouta definite stereochemistry. The present invention includes allstereoisomers of formulae (I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA) andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The independent syntheses of the enantiomerically or diastereomericallyenriched compounds, or their chromatographic separations, may beachieved as known in the art by appropriate modification of themethodology disclosed herein. Their absolute stereochemistry may bedetermined by the x-ray crystallography of crystalline products orcrystalline intermediates that are derivatized, if necessary, with areagent containing an asymmetric center of known absolute configuration.

If desired, racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so thatthe individual enantiomers or diastereomers are isolated. The separationcan be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as thecoupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically purecompound to form a diastereomeric mixture, followed by separation of theindividual diastereomers by standard methods, such as fractionalcrystallization or chromatography. The coupling reaction is often theformation of salts using an enantiomerically pure acid or base. Thediastereomeric derivatives may then be converted to the pure enantiomersby cleavage of the added chiral residue. The racemic mixture of thecompounds can also be separated directly by chromatographic methodsusing chiral stationary phases, which methods are well known in the art.

Alternatively, any enantiomer or diastereomer of a compound may beobtained by stereoselective synthesis using optically pure startingmaterials or reagents of known configuration by methods well known inthe art.

In the compounds of generic Formula (I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and(IVA), the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or oneor more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particularisotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass numberdifferent from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found innature. The present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopicvariations of the compounds of generic Formula (I), (II), (IIA), (III),(IV) and (IVA). For example, different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H)include protium (¹H) and deuterium (²H). Protium is the predominanthydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may affordcertain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life orreducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as astandard for characterization of biological samples.Isotopically-enriched compounds within generic Formula (I), (II), (IIA),(III), (IV) and (IVA) can be prepared without undue experimentation byconventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or byprocesses analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examplesherein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/orintermediates.

The compounds of the invention may be prepared according to thefollowing reaction Schemes, in which variables are as defined before orare derived, using readily available starting materials, from reagentsand conventional synthetic procedures. It is also possible to usevariants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill inorganic synthesis art, but are not mentioned in greater detail.

The present invention also provides a method for the synthesis ofcompounds useful as intermediates in the preparation of compounds of theinvention.

During any of the above synthetic sequences it may be necessary ordesirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of themolecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventionalprotecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups inOrganic Chemistry, ed. J. F. W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973, and T. W.Greene & P/G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, JohnWiley & Sons, 1999. The protecting groups may be removed at a convenientsequent stage using methods known from the art.

Specific embodiments of the compounds of the invention, and methods ofmaking them, are described in the Examples herein.

The term “substantially pure” means that the isolated material is atleast 90% pure, and preferably 95% pure, and even more preferably 99%pure as assayed by analytical techniques known in the art.

As used herein, the term “muscarinic M1 receptor” refers to one of thefive subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is fromthe superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. The family of muscarinicreceptors is described, for example, in Pharmacol Ther, 1993,58:319-379; Eur J Pharmacol, 1996, 295:93-102, and Mol Pharmacol, 2002,61:1297-1302. The muscarinic receptors are known to contain one or moreallosteric sites, which may alter the affinity with which muscarinicligands bind to the primary binding or orthosteric sites. See, e.g., S.Lazareno et al, Mol Pharmacol, 2002, 62:6, 1491-1505.

As used herein, the terms “positive allosteric modulator” and“allosteric potentiator” are used interchangeably, and refer to a ligandwhich interacts with an allosteric site of a receptor to activate theprimary binding site. The compounds of the invention are positiveallosteric modulators of the muscarinic M1 receptor. For example, amodulator or potentiator may directly or indirectly augment the responseproduced by the endogenous ligand (such as acetylcholine or xanomeline)at the orthosteric site of the muscarinic M1 receptor in an animal, inparticular, a human.

The actions of ligands at allosteric receptor sites may also beunderstood according to the “allosteric ternary complex model,” as knownby those skilled in the art. The allosteric ternary complex model isdescribed with respect to the family of muscarinic receptors in Birdsallet al, Life Sciences, 2001, 68:2517-2524. For a general description ofthe role of allosteric binding sites, see Christopoulos, Nature Reviews:Drug Discovery, 2002, 1:198-210.

It is believed that the compounds of the invention bind to an allostericbinding site that is distinct from the orthosteric acetylcholine site ofthe muscarinic M1 receptor, thereby augmenting the response produced bythe endogenous ligand acetylcholine at the orthosteric site of the M1receptor. It is also believed that the compounds of the invention bindto an allosteric site which is distinct from the xanomeline site of themuscarinic M1 receptor, thereby augmenting the response produced by theendogenous ligand xanomeline at the orthosteric site of the M1 receptor.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts preparedfrom pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids includinginorganic or organic bases and inorganic or organic acids. The compoundsof the invention may be mono, di or tris salts, depending on the numberof acid functionalities present in the free base form of the compound.Free bases and salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum,ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganicsalts, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc, and the like.

Salts in the solid form may exist in more than one crystal structure,and may also be in the form of hydrates. Salts derived frompharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts ofprimary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines includingnaturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ionexchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline,N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol,2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine,N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine,hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine,piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines,theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine,tromethamine, and the like.

When the compound of the present invention is basic, salts may beprepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, includinginorganic and organic acids. Such acids include acetic, trifluoroacetic,benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic,fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic,lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic,pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric,para-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.

The present invention is directed to the use of the compounds offormulae (I), (II), (IIA), (III), (IV) and (IVA) disclosed herein as M1allosteric modulators in a patient or subject such as a mammal in needof such activity, comprising the administration of an effective amountof the compound. In addition to humans, a variety of other mammals canbe treated according to the method of the present invention.

The compounds of the present invention have utility in treating orameliorating Alzheimer's disease. The compounds may also be useful intreating or ameliorating other diseases mediated by the muscarinic M1receptor, such as schizophrenia, sleep disorders, pain disorders(including acute pain, inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain) andcognitive disorders (including mild cognitive impairment). Otherconditions that may be treated by the compounds of the invention includeParkinson's Disease, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, urinary incontinence, glaucoma,schizophrenia, Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome), cerebral amyloid angiopathy,degenerative dementia, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosisof the Dutch-Type (HCHWA-D), Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, prion disorders,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, headtrauma, stroke, pancreatitis, inclusion body myositis, other peripheralamyloidoses, diabetes, autism and atherosclerosis.

In preferred embodiments, the compounds of the invention are useful intreating Alzheimer's Disease, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, paindisorders and sleep disorders. For example, the compounds may be usefulfor the prevention of dementia of the Alzheimer's type, as well as forthe treatment of early stage, intermediate stage or late stage dementiaof the Alzheimer's type.

Potential schizophrenia conditions or disorders for which the compoundsof the invention may be useful include one or more of the followingconditions or diseases: schizophrenia or psychosis includingschizophrenia (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated),schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusionaldisorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychoticdisorder due to a general medical condition and substance-induced ordrug-induced (phencyclidine, ketanine and other dissociativeanaesthetics, amphetamine and other psychostimulants and cocaine)psychosispsychotic disorder, psychosis associated with affectivedisorders, brief reactive psychosis, schizoaffective psychosis,“schizophrenia-spectrum” disorders such as schizoid or schizotypalpersonality disorders, or illness associated with psychosis (such asmajor depression, manic depressive (bipolar) disorder, Alzheimer'sdisease and post-traumatic stress syndrome), including both the positiveand the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychoses;cognitive disorders including dementia (associated with Alzheimer'sdisease, ischemia, multi-infarct dementia, trauma, vascular problems orstroke, HIV disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick'sdisease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, perinatal hypoxia, other generalmedical conditions or substance abuse); delirium, amnestic disorders orage related cognitive decline.

In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides a methodfor treating schizophrenia or psychosis comprising administering to apatient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the presentinvention. Particular schizophrenia or psychosis pathologies areparanoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated schizophrenia andsubstance-induced psychotic disorder. At present, the text revision ofthe fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders (DSM-IV-TR) (2000, American Psychiatric Association,Washington D.C.) provides a diagnostic tool that includes paranoid,disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated schizophrenia andsubstance-induced psychotic disorder. As used herein, the term“schizophrenia or psychosis” includes treatment of those mentaldisorders as described in DSM-IV-TR. The skilled artisan will recognizethat there are alternative nomenclatures, nosologies and classificationsystems for mental disorders, and that these systems evolve with medicaland scientific progress. Thus the term “schizophrenia or psychosis” isintended to include like disorders that are described in otherdiagnostic sources.

Examples of combinations of the compounds include combinations withagents for the treatment of schizophrenia, for example in combinationwith sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antianxietyagents, cyclopyrrolones, imidazopyridines, pyrazolopyrimidines, minortranquilizers, melatonin agonists and antagonists, melatonergic agents,benzodiazepines, barbiturates, 5HT-2 antagonists, and the like, such as:adinazolam, allobarbital, alonimid, alprazolam, amisulpride,amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, aripiprazole, bentazepam,benzoctamine, brotizolam, bupropion, busprione, butabarbital,butalbital, capuride, carbocloral, chloral betaine, chloral hydrate,clomipramine, clonazepam, cloperidone, clorazepate, chlordiazepoxide,clorethate, chlorpromazine, clozapine, cyprazepam, desipramine,dexelamol, diazepam, dichloralphenazone, divalproex, diphenhydramine,doxepin, estazolam, ethchlorvynol, etomidate, fenobam, flunitrazepam,flupentixol, fluphenazine, flurazepam, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine,fosazepam, glutethimide, halazepam, haloperidol, hydroxyzine,imipramine, lithium, lorazepam, lormetazepam, maprotiline, mecloqualone,melatonin, mephobarbital, meprobamate, methaqualone, midaflur,midazolam, nefazodone, nisobamate, nitrazepam, nortriptyline,olanzapine, oxazepam, paraldehyde, paroxetine, pentobarbital, perlapine,perphenazine, phenelzine, phenobarbital, prazepam, promethazine,propofol, protriptyline, quazepam, quetiapine, reclazepam, risperidone,roletamide, secobarbital, sertraline, suproelone, temazepam,thioridazine, thiothixene, tracazolate, tranylcypromaine, trazodone,triazolam, trepipam, tricetamide, triclofos, trifluoperazine,trimetozine, trimipramine, uldazepam, venlafaxine, zaleplon,ziprasidone, zolazepam, zolpidem, and salts thereof, and combinationsthereof, and the like, or the subject compound may be administered inconjunction with the use of physical methods such as with light therapyor electrical stimulation.

In another embodiment, the subject compound may be employed incombination with levodopa (with or without a selective extracerebraldecarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide),anticholinergics such as biperiden (optionally as its hydrochloride orlactate salt) and trihexyphenidyl (benzhexyl)hydrochloride, COMTinhibitors such as entacapone, MOA-B inhibitors, antioxidants, A2aadenosine receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists, NMDA receptorantagonists, serotonin receptor antagonists and dopamine receptoragonists such as alentemol, bromocriptine, fenoldopam, lisuride,naxagolide, pergolide and pramipexole. It will be appreciated that thedopamine agonist may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt, for example, alentemol hydrobromide, bromocriptine mesylate,fenoldopam mesylate, naxagolide hydrochloride and pergolide mesylate.

In another embodiment, the subject compound may be employed incombination with a compound from the phenothiazine, thioxanthene,heterocyclic dibenzazepine, butyrophenone, diphenylbutylpiperidine andindolone classes of neuroleptic agent. Suitable examples ofphenothiazines include chlorpromazine, mesoridazine, thioridazine,acetophenazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine and trifluoperazine. Suitableexamples of thioxanthenes include chlorprothixene and thiothixene. Anexample of a dibenzazepine is clozapine. An example of a butyrophenoneis haloperidol. An example of a diphenylbutylpiperidine is pimozide. Anexample of an indolone is molindolone. Other neuroleptic agents includeloxapine, sulpiride and risperidone. It will be appreciated that theneuroleptic agents when used in combination with the subject compoundmay be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for example,chlorpromazine hydrochloride, mesoridazine besylate, thioridazinehydrochloride, acetophenazine maleate, fluphenazine hydrochloride,flurphenazine enathate, fluphenazine decanoate, trifluoperazinehydrochloride, thiothixene hydrochloride, haloperidol decanoate,loxapine succinate and molindone hydrochloride. Perphenazine,chlorprothixene, clozapine, haloperidol, pimozide and risperidone arecommonly used in a non-salt form. Thus, the subject compound may beemployed in combination with acetophenazine, alentemol, aripiprazole,amisuipride, benzhexyl, bromocriptine, biperiden, chlorpromazine,chlorprothixene, clozapine, diazepam, fenoldopam, fluphenazine,haloperidol, levodopa, levodopa with benserazide, levodopa withcarbidopa, lisuride, loxapine, mesoridazine, molindolone, naxagolide,olanzapine, pergolide, perphenazine, pimozide, pramipexole, quetiapine,risperidone, sulpiride, tetrabenazine, frihexyphenidyl, thioridazine,thiothixene, trifluoperazine or ziprasidone.

Potential sleep conditions or disorders for which the compounds of theinvention may be useful include enhancing sleep quality; improving sleepquality; augmenting sleep maintenance; increasing the value which iscalculated from the time that a subject sleeps divided by the time thata subject is attempting to sleep; decreasing sleep latency or onset (thetime it takes to fall asleep); decreasing difficulties in fallingasleep; increasing sleep continuity; decreasing the number of awakeningsduring sleep; decreasing nocturnal arousals; decreasing the time spentawake following the initial onset of sleep; increasing the total amountof sleep; reducing the fragmentation of sleep; altering the timing,frequency or duration of REM sleep bouts; altering the timing, frequencyor duration of slow wave (i.e. stages 3 or 4) sleep bouts; increasingthe amount and percentage of stage 2 sleep; promoting slow wave sleep;enhancing EEG-delta activity during sleep; increasing daytime alertness;reducing daytime drowsiness; treating or reducing excessive daytimesleepiness; insomnia; hypersomnia; narcolepsy; interrupted sleep; sleepapnea; wakefulness; nocturnal myoclonus; REM sleep interruptions;jet-lag; shift workers' sleep disturbances; dyssomnias; night terror;insomnias associated with depression, emotional/mood disorders, as wellas sleep walking and enuresis, and sleep disorders which accompanyaging; Alzheimer's sundowning; conditions associated with circadianrhythmicity as well as mental and physical disorders associated withtravel across time zones and with rotating shift-work schedules;conditions due to drugs which cause reductions in REM sleep as a sideeffect; syndromes which are manifested by non-restorative sleep andmuscle pain or sleep apnea which is associated with respiratorydisturbances during sleep; and conditions which result from a diminishedquality of sleep.

Pain disorders for which the compounds of the invention may be usefulinclude neuropathic pain (such as postherpetic neuralgia, nerve injury,the “dynias”, e.g., vulvodynia, phantom limb pain, root avulsions,painful diabetic neuropathy, painful traumatic mononeuropathy, painfulpolyneuropathy); central pain syndromes (potentially caused by virtuallyany lesion at any level of the nervous system); postsurgical painsyndromes (eg, postmastectomy syndrome, postthoracotomy syndrome, stumppain); bone and joint pain (osteoarthritis), repetitive motion pain,dental pain, cancer pain, myofascial pain (muscular injury,fibromyalgia); perioperative pain (general surgery, gynecological),chronic pain, dysmennorhea, as well as pain associated with angina, andinflammatory pain of varied origins (e.g. osteoarthritis, rheumatoidarthritis, rheumatic disease, teno-synovitis and gout), headache,migraine and cluster headache, headache, primary hyperalgesia, secondaryhyperalgesia, primary allodynia, secondary allodynia, or other paincaused by central sensitization.

Compounds of the invention may also be used to treat or preventdyskinesias. Furthermore, compounds of the invention may be used todecrease tolerance and/or dependence to opioid treatment of pain, andfor treatment of withdrawal syndrome of e.g., alcohol, opioids, andcocaine.

The subject or patient to whom the compounds of the present invention isadministered is generally a human being, male or female, in whom M1allosteric modulation is desired, but may also encompass other mammals,such as dogs, cats, mice, rats, cattle, horses, sheep, rabbits, monkeys,chimpanzees or other apes or primates, for which treatment of the abovenoted disorders is desired.

The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withone or more other drugs in the treatment of diseases or conditions forwhich the compounds of the present invention have utility, where thecombination of the drugs together are safer or more effective thaneither drug alone. Additionally, the compounds of the present inventionmay be used in combination with one or more other drugs that treat,prevent, control, ameliorate, or reduce the risk of side effects ortoxicity of the compounds of the present invention. Such other drugs maybe administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor,contemporaneously or sequentially with the compounds of the presentinvention. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the presentinvention include those that contain one or more other activeingredients, in addition to the compounds of the present invention. Thecombinations may be administered as part of a unit dosage formcombination product, or as a kit or treatment protocol wherein one ormore additional drugs are administered in separate dosage forms as partof a treatment regimen.

Examples of combinations of the compounds of the present inventioninclude combinations with anti-Alzheimer's Disease agents, for examplebeta-secretase inhibitors; alpha 7 nicotinic agonists, such as ABT089,SSR180711 and MEM63908; ADAM 10 ligands or activators; gamma-secretaseinhibitors, such as LY450139 and TAK 070; gamma secretase modulators;tau phosphorylation inhibitors; glycine transport inhibitors; LXR βagonists; ApoE4 conformational modulators; NR2B antagonists; androgenreceptor modulators; blockers of Aβ oligomer formation; 5-HT4 agonists,such as PRX-03140; 5-HT6 antagonists, such as GSK 742467, SGS-518,FK-962, SL-65.0155, SRA-333 and xaliproden; 5-HT1a antagonists, such aslecozotan; p25/CDK5 inhibitors; NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists; COX-2inhibitors; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; NSAIDs including ibuprofen;vitamin E; anti-amyloid antibodies (including anti-amyloid humanizedmonoclonal antibodies), such as bapineuzumab, ACC001, CAD106, AZD3102,H12A11V1; anti-inflammatory compounds such as (R)-flurbiprofen,nitroflurbiprofen, ND-1251, VP-025, HT-0712 and EHT-202; PPAR gammaagonists, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone; CB-1 receptorantagonists or CB-1 receptor inverse agonists, such as AVE1625;antibiotics such as doxycycline and rifampin; N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as memantine, neramexane and EVT101;cholinesterase inhibitors such as galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil,tacrine, phenserine, ladostigil and ABT-089; growth hormonesecretagogues such as ibutamoren, ibutamoren mesylate, and capromorelin;histamine H₃ receptor antagonists such as ABT-834, ABT 829, GSK 189254and CEP16795; AMPA agonists or AMPA modulators, such as CX-717, LY451395, LY404187 and S-18986; PDE IV inhibitors, including MEM1414,HT0712 and AVE8112; GABA_(A) inverse agonists; GSK3β inhibitors,including AZD1080, SAR502250 and CEP16805; neuronal nicotinic agonists;selective M1 agonists; HDAC inhibitors; and microtubule affinityregulating kinase (MARK) ligands; or other drugs that affect receptorsor enzymes that either increase the efficacy, safety, convenience, orreduce unwanted side effects or toxicity of the compounds of the presentinvention.

Examples of combinations of the compounds include combinations withagents for the treatment of pain, for example non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, diclofenac, duflunisal,fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen,ketorolac, naproxen, oxaprozin, piroxicam, sulindac and tolmetin; COX-2inhibitors, such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, 406381 and 644784;CB-2 agonists, such as 842166 and SAB378; VR-1 antagonists, such asAMG517, 705498, 782443, PAC20030, V114380 and A425619; bradykinin B 1receptor antagonists, such as SSR240612 and NVPSAA164; sodium channelblockers and antagonists, such as VX409 and SPI860; nitric oxidesynthase (NOS) inhibitors (including iNOS and nNOS inhibitors), such asSD6010 and 274150; glycine site antagonists, including lacosamide;neuronal nicotinic agonists, such as ABT 894; NMDA antagonists, such asAZD4282; potassium channel openers; AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists;calcium channel blockers, such as ziconotide and NMED 160; GABA-Areceptor 10 modulators (e.g., a GABA-A receptor agonist); matrixmetalloprotease (MMP) inhibitors; thrombolytic agents; opioid analgesicssuch as codeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine,methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, propoxyphene;neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF); pramipexole, ropinirole;anticholinergics; amantadine; monoamine oxidase B15 (“MAO-B”)inhibitors; 5HT receptor agonists or antagonists; mGlu5 antagonists,such as AZD9272; alpha agonists, such as AGNXX/YY; neuronal nicotinicagonists, such as ABT894; NMDA receptor agonists or antagonists, such asAZD4282; NKI antagonists; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(“SSRI”) and/or selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptakeinhibitors (“SSNRI”), such as duloxetine; tricyclic antidepressantdrugs, norepinephrine modulators; lithium; valproate; gabapentin;pregabalin; rizatriptan; zolmitriptan; naratriptan and sumatriptan.

The compounds of the present invention may be administered incombination with compounds useful for enhancing sleep quality andpreventing and treating sleep disorders and sleep disturbances,including e.g., sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics,antianxiety agents, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates,cyclopyrrolones, orexin antagonists, alpha-1 antagonists, GABA agonists,5HT-2 antagonists including 5HT-2A antagonists and 5HT-2A/2Cantagonists, histamine antagonists including histamine H3 antagonists,histamine H3 inverse agonists, imidazopyridines, minor tranquilizers,melatonin agonists and antagonists, melatonergic agents, other orexinantagonists, orexin agonists, prokineticin agonists and antagonists,pyrazolopyrimidines, T-type calcium channel antagonists,triazolopyridines, and the like, such as: adinazolam, allobarbital,alonimid, alprazolam, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine,armodafinil, APD-125, bentazepam, benzoctamine, brotizolam, bupropion,busprione, butabarbital, butalbital, capromorelin, eapuride,carbocloral, chloral betaine, chloral hydrate, chlordiazepoxide,clomipramine, clonazepam, cloperidone, clorazepate, clorethate,clozapine, conazepam, cyprazepam, desipramine, dexclamol, diazepam,dichloralphenazone, divalproex, diphenhydramine, doxepin, EMD-281014,eplivanserin, estazolam, eszopiclone, ethchlotynol, etomidate, fenobam,flunitrazepam, flurazepam, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, fosazepam,gaboxadol, glutethimide, halazepam, hydroxyzine, ibutamoren, imipramine,indiplon, lithium, lorazepam, lormetazepam, LY-156735, maprotiline,MDL-100907, mecloqualone, melatonin, mephobarbital, meprobamate,methaqualone, methyprylon, midaflur, midazolam, modafinil, nefazodone,NGD-2-73, nisobamate, nitrazepam, nortriptyline, oxazepam, paraldehyde,paroxetine, pentobarbital, perlapine, perphenazine, phenelzine,phenobarbital, prazepam, promethazine, propofol, protriptyline,quazepam, rarnelteon, reclazepam, roletamide, secobarbital, sertraline,suproclone, TAK-375, temazepam, thioridazine, tiagabine, tracazolate,tranylcypromaine, trazodone, triazolam, trepipam, tricetamide,triclofos, trifluoperazine, trimetozine, trimipramine, uldazepam,venlafaxine, zaleplon, zolazepam, zopiclone, zolpidem, and saltsthereof, and combinations thereof; and the like, or the compound of thepresent invention may be administered in conjunction with the use ofphysical methods such as with light therapy or electrical stimulation.

The term “composition” as used herein is intended to encompass a productcomprising specified ingredients in predetermined amounts orproportions, as well as any product which results, directly orindirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in thespecified amounts. This term in relation to pharmaceutical compositionsis intended to encompass a product comprising one or more activeingredients, and an optional carrier comprising inert ingredients, aswell as any product which results, directly or indirectly, fromcombination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of theingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, orfrom other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of theingredients.

In general, pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly andintimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquidcarrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, ifnecessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. In thepharmaceutical composition the active compound, which is a compound offormulae (I) to (IVA), is included in an amount sufficient to producethe desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present inventionencompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the presentinvention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form ofpreparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral(including intravenous). Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions of thepresent invention can be presented as discrete units suitable for oraladministration such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing apredetermined amount of the active ingredient. Further, the compositionscan be presented as a powder, as granules, as a solution, as asuspension in an aqueous liquid, as a non-aqueous liquid, as anoil-in-water emulsion or as a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. In additionto the common dosage forms set out above, the compounds of theinvention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; may also beadministered by controlled release means and/or delivery devices.

Pharmaceutical compositions intended for oral use may be preparedaccording to any method known to the art for the manufacture ofpharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one ormore agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents,flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order toprovide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets maycontain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxicpharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for themanufacture of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inertdiluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calciumphosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents,for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for examplestarch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesiumstearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they maybe coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption inthe gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over alonger period.

A tablet containing the composition of this invention may be prepared bycompression or molding, optionally with one or more accessoryingredients or adjuvants. Compressed tablets may be prepared bycompressing, in a suitable machine, the active ingredient in afree-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with abinder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent.Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine, a mixtureof the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Eachtablet preferably contains from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of theactive ingredient and each cachet or capsule preferably containing fromabout 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient.

Compositions for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsuleswherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, forexample, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as softgelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or anoil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.

Other pharmaceutical compositions include aqueous suspensions, whichcontain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable forthe manufacture of aqueous suspensions. In addition, oily suspensionsmay be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetableoil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, orin a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. Oily suspensions may alsocontain various excipients. The pharmaceutical compositions of theinvention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions, which mayalso contain excipients such as sweetening and flavoring agents.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterileinjectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension, or in the form of sterilepowders for the extemporaneous preparation of such sterile injectablesolutions or dispersions. In all cases, the final injectable form mustbe sterile and must be effectively fluid for easy syringability. Thepharmaceutical compositions must be stable under the conditions ofmanufacture and storage; thus, preferably should be preserved againstthe contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be in a formsuitable for topical use such as, for example, an aerosol, cream,ointment, lotion, dusting powder, or the like. Further, the compositionscan be in a form suitable for use in transdermal devices. Theseformulations may be prepared via conventional processing methods. As anexample, a cream or ointment is prepared by mixing hydrophilic materialand water, together with about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the compound,to produce a cream or ointment having a desired consistency.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can also be in a formsuitable for rectal administration wherein the carrier is a solid. It ispreferable that the mixture forms unit dose suppositories. Suitablecarriers include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in theart.

By “pharmaceutically acceptable” it is meant the carrier, diluent orexcipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of theformulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

The terms “administration of” or “administering a” compound should beunderstood to mean providing a compound of the invention to theindividual in need of treatment in a form that can be introduced intothat individual's body in a therapeutically useful form andtherapeutically useful amount, including, but not limited to: oraldosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, and thelike; injectable dosage forms, such as IV, IM, or IP, and the like;transdermal dosage forms, including creams, jellies, powders, orpatches; buccal dosage forms; inhalation powders, sprays, suspensions,and the like; and rectal suppositories.

The terms “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” meansthe amount of the subject compound that will elicit the biological ormedical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is beingsought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or otherclinician.

As used herein, the term “treatment” or “treating” means anyadministration of a compound of the present invention and includes (1)inhibiting the disease in an animal that is experiencing or displayingthe pathology or symptomatology of the diseased (i.e., arresting furtherdevelopment of the pathology and/or symptomatology), or (2) amelioratingthe disease in an animal that is experiencing or displaying thepathology or symptomatology of the diseased (i.e., reversing thepathology and/or symptomatology).

The compositions containing compounds of the present invention mayconveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by anyof the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The term “unit dosageform” is taken to mean a single dose wherein all active and inactiveingredients are combined in a suitable system, such that the patient orperson administering the drug to the patient can open a single containeror package with the entire dose contained therein, and does not have tomix any components together from two or more containers or packages.Typical examples of unit dosage forms are tablets or capsules for oraladministration, single dose vials for injection, or suppositories forrectal administration. This list of unit dosage fauns is not intended tobe limiting in any way, but merely to represent typical examples of unitdosage forms.

The compositions containing compounds of the present invention mayconveniently be presented as a kit, whereby two or more components,which may be active or inactive ingredients, carriers, diluents, and thelike, are provided with instructions for preparation of the actualdosage form by the patient or person administering the drug to thepatient. Such kits may be provided with all necessary materials andingredients contained therein, or they may contain instructions forusing or making materials or components that must be obtainedindependently by the patient or person administering the drug to thepatient.

When treating or ameliorating a disorder or disease for which compoundsof the present invention are indicated, generally satisfactory resultsare obtained when the compounds of the present invention areadministered at a daily dosage of from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg perkg of animal body weight, preferably given as a single daily dose or individed doses two to six times a day, or in sustained release form. Thetotal daily dosage is from about 1.0 mg to about 2000 mg, preferablyfrom about 0.1 mg to about 20 mg per kg of body weight. In the case of a70 kg adult human, the total daily dose will generally be from about 7mg to about 1,400 mg. This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide theoptimal therapeutic response. The compounds may be administered on aregimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.

The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carriermaterials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon thehost treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, aformulation intended for the oral administration to humans mayconveniently contain from about 0.005 mg to about 2.5 g of active agent,compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carriermaterial. Unit dosage forms will generally contain between from about0.005 mg to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient, typically 0.005,0.01 mg, 0.05 mg, 0.25 mg, 1 mg, 5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg or 1000 mg, administered once, twiceor three times a day.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level andfrequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and willdepend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specificcompound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of thatcompound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and timeof administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity ofthe particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.

Several methods for preparing the compounds of this invention areillustrated in the schemes and examples herein. Starting materials aremade according to procedures known in the art or as illustrated herein.The following examples are provided so that the invention might be morefully understood. The present invention also provides a method for thesynthesis of compounds useful as intermediates in the preparation ofcompounds of the invention.

A general synthesis is shown in Scheme 1. Methods to prepare compoundssuch as 1 and 2 have been previously described in WO2010/059773,incorporated herein by reference. Benzoquinazolinone 2 is protectedusing an appropriate silicon based group such as atert-buty-dimethylsilyl to afford 3. Reduction of 3 to 4 may be carriedout with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in a solvent likemethanol and tetrahydrofuran. Alkylation of 4 with methyl iodide using abase such as sodium hydride in a solvent like DMF affords 5. Lastly,removal of the TBS group in 5 using a fluoride source such astetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in a solvent like THF affords Example 2.

As shown in Scheme 2, compound 2 may be converted to 6 utilizing anucleophile such as sodium thiomethoxide in a solvent like DMSO.Reduction of 6 may be carried out with a reducing agent such as sodiumborohydride in a solvent like methanol and tetrahydrofuran to affordExample 3.

As shown in Scheme 3, compound 7 may be prepared in a similar fashion asin Scheme 1 for compound 2. Transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling of7 with an organometallic such as methylzinc chloride with a metal ligandcomplex such as 1,1′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladiumaffords 8. The alcohol in 8 may be TBS protected as described inScheme 1. Reduction of 9 to 10 may be carried out with a reducing agentsuch as lithium aluminum hydride in a solvent like tetrahydrofuran.Alkylation and deprotection of the TBS group may be carried out asdescribed in Scheme 1 to afford Example 4.

Example 11,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-{6-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-L-threo-pentitol

Synthesis of (3R,4S)-4-Aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol

A jacketed flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a thermocouplewas charged with 23.0 L of MeOH, and cooled to 5° C. Potassium hydroxide(1.574 kg, 28.05 mol) was added to the flask, and the resulting solutionwas aged until homogeneous and recooled to 5° C.Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (1.00 kg, 10.0 mol) was then added at a steadyrate over 20 min, and the resulting solution was aged for 20-30 min. Asolution of iodine (2.778 kg, 10.95 mol) in 18.5 L of MeOH was thenadded via mechanical pump at a steady rate over 90-100 minutes. After anadditional 30 min, the solution was warmed to rt and toluene (42.0 L)was added. The resulting slurry was concentrated in vacuo to a volume of˜8.4 L. Additional toluene (8.4 L) was added and the resulting solutionwas concentrated to a volume of 8.4 L 2×. The resulting slurry was thenfiltered, and the filter cake was rinsed 2× with toluene (4.0 L). Thecombined toluene streams were concentrated to ˜6 L, and the product wasextracted 2× with water (3.0 L) to provide4,4-dimethyoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol.

To a solution of the above compound (1.00 kg, 6.17 mol) in 5 L of waterwas added acetic acid to pH 5.2-5.4. The mixture was diluted withacetonitrile (4.0 L) and ruthenium trichloride hydrate (6.4 g, 0.028mol) was added and rinsed in with additional acetonitrile (1.0 L). Theflask was placed in a rt water bath and a solution of sodium bromate(650 g, 4.31 mol) in water (1.95 L) was added slowly over ˜30 min,keeping the temperature below 30° C. After 2 h, potassium bicarbonate(430 g, 4.30 mol), sodium thiosulfate (1.07 kg, 4.31 mol), potassiumchloride (500 g, 6.71 mol) and acetonitrile (5 L) were addedsequentially. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted 3× with acetonitrile (10 L). The combined organic extractswere concentrated to ˜4 L. Toluene (5 L) was then added and the mixturereconcentrated to 4 L 4×. The mixture was diluted with toluene (7 L) andfiltered to remove solids. The filtercake was washed 3× with toluene (2L) and the combined filtrate and washes were concentrated to a totalvolume of 3 L to provide an organic solution of4,4-dimethoxydihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one.

To a 3 L 3-neck RB flask with overhead stirring, thermocouple andheating mantle was added sodium dihydrogenphosphate (96.0 g, 800 mmol)in 1.6 L of water. Sodium hydroxide (29 mL, 50 wt %) was added to pH7.13, followed by hydrochloric acid (5 mL, 6 IV) to pH 7.02.

The above organic solution of 4,4-dimethoxydihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-onewas extracted 3× with phosphate buffered water (0.55 L). To the combinedaqueous extracts was added D-glucose (180 g, 100 mmol), and the solutionwas heated to 30° C. When the solution exceeded 27° C. upon heatingB-NADP+ (1.60 g, 499 mmol), GDH-103 (1.60 g, 499 mmol), and KRED-130(1.60 g, 499 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 17 h at30° C. Potassium chloride (200 g, 2.68 mol) and acetonitrile (1.3 L)were added. After 30 min, the reaction mixture was transferred to 6 Lsep funnel and additional MeCN (0.67 L) and toluene (0.87 L) were added.The aqueous layer was back extracted 1× with a mixture of acetonitrile(1.95 L) and toluene (0.65 L), and 1× with acetonitrile (1.5 L). Thecombined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo to provide(3S)-4,4-dimethoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol.

To a 2 L RB flask with overhead stirring, thermocouple, heating mantleand N₂ inlet was added a solution of the above compound (72.0 g, 0.444mol) in 750 mL of THF. After 15 h, sodium tert-butoxide (48.3 g, 492mmol) was added in one portion, and the mixture was heated to 35° C. for1 h, and aged at 22° C. for 1 hr. Tetrabutylammonium iodide (8.19 g,22.2 mmol) and benzyl bromide (56.5 ml, 466 mmol) were added, and themixture was heated to 50° C. for 2 h. The solution was cooled to 25° C.,and water (750 mL) and MtBE (2.25 L) were added. The organic layer wasseparated from the aqueous and concentrated in vacuo. The resultantbrown oil was purified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-15%ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide(3S)-3-(benzylyoxy)-4,4-dimethoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran.

To a solution of the above compound (61.1 g, 225 mmol) in 300 mL of THFwas added 2 N HCl (300 mL, 0.600 mol). After 1.5 h, saturated aqueouspotassium carbonate (60 mL) was added via addition funnel to pH 7.4. Theaqueous layer was extracted 3× with MtBE (300 mL) and the combinedorganic extracts were concentrated in vacuo to provide crude(3S)-3-(benzyloxy)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one.

To a solution of L-Alanine (200 g, 2.24 mol), sodium formate (76.0 g,1.12 mmol), and sodium phosphate dibasic (28.7 g, 202 mmol) in 2.25 L ofwater adjusted to pH 7.5 was added NAD (2.2 g, 3.21 mmol),pyridoxal-5-phosphate (2.2 g, 8.90 mmol), LDH (0.45 g, 0.22 mol), FDH(4.5 g, 0.20 mol), and TA P1G5 (4.5 g, 0.22 mol). After all thecomponents were completely dissolved,(3S)-3-(benzyloxy)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (45 g, 0.22 mol) was addedand the pH was adjusted to pH 7.25 with 6 N HCl and aged at 30° C. After15 h, potassium carbonate (700 g, 5.06 mol) was added slowly, followedby ethyl acetate (2.2 L). The mixture was filtered through a bed ofSolka Floc and the cake was washed with ethyl acetate (250 mL). Thecombined filtrates were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted asecond time with ethyl acetate (2 L). The combined organic extracts wereconcentrated in vacuo to provide crude(3R,4S)-3-(benzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine.

To a solution of the above compound (38.8 g, 0.187 mol) in 730 mL ofmethanol was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (23.3 mL). Thesolution was subjected to hydrogenation at 40 psi H₂, 25° C. over 5.8 gof 10% Pd/C (5.8 g). After 15 h, the mixture was filtered through solkafloc and the filtercake was washed 5× with methanol (100 mL). Thecombined filtrate and washes were concentrated in vacuo to provide(3R,4S)-4-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol that gave proton NMR spectraconsistent with theory.

Synthesis of 4-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole

To a solution of 1H-indole-4-carbaldehyde (0.252 g, 1.72 mmol) in 8 mLof DMF was added sodium hydride (0.046 g, 1.9 mmol). After 5 min,iodomethane (0.13 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added. After 30 min, the reactionwas treated with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, diluted withwater, and extracted 2× with dichloromethane. The combined organicfractions were washed 3× with water, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via silicagel chromatography, eluting with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes toprovide 1-methyl-1H-indole-4-carbaldehyde that gave a proton NMR spectraconsistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of 161.2 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.136 g, 0.849 mmol) in 4 mL ofmethanol cooled to 0° C. was added sodium borohydride (9.6 mg, 0.26mmol). After 30 min, the reaction was treated with saturated aqueousammonium chloride, diluted with water, and extracted 2× withdichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were washed 3× withwater, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with0-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methanol that gave a proton NMR spectraconsistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of 163.3 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.131 g, 0.808 mmol) in 4 mL ofdichloromethane cooled to 0° C. was added thionyl bromide (0.336 g, 1.62mmol). After 30 min, the reaction was warmed to rt and treated withsaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and partitioned. The organic layerwas washed 2× with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo to provide 4-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole thatgave a mass ion (ES+) of 225.1 (79Br) for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of 2-methyl-1-nitronaphthalane (5.00 g, 26.7 mmol) andtert-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane (Brederick's reagent, 8.27 g, 40.1mmol) in 10 mL of toluene was refluxed at 120° C. for 15 h. Additionaltert-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane (3.76 g, 13.4 mmol) was added andthe reaction was refluxed at 120° C. for another 24 h. The mixture wascooled to rt and 50 mL of hexanes was added. After vigorously stirringfor 30 min, a brick red solid was collected, washed with additionalhexanes, and dried to provide(E)-N,N-dimethyl-2-(1-nitro-2-naphthyl)ethylenamine that gave proton NMRspectra consistent with theory. To a solution of the above compound(10.0 g, 41.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (13.7 g, 99.0 mmol) in 300mL of 1:1 t-BuOH:H₂O was added potassium permanganate (15.7 g, 99.0mmol) slowly over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 17h, and a black precipitate was filtered and washed twice with 100 mL ofwater. The filtrate was concentrated to 200 mL in volume, and acidifiedwith 6 N HCl to pH˜2. A beige precipitate was collected, washed twicewith 100 mL of water, and dried to provide 1-nitro-2-naphthoie acid thatgave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of218.1 for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of the above compound (32.5 g, 150 mmol) in 150 mL of MeOHwas cooled to 0° C. and saturated with gaseous HCl. The solution waswarmed to rt and then refluxed at 90° C. for 22 h. The solution wasagain saturated with HCl_((g)), refluxed at 90° C. for 20 h, then cooledto rt. The beige precipitate was collected, washed with water and MeOH,and dried to provide methyl 1-nitro-2-naphthoate that gave proton NMRspectra consistent with theory.

To a solution of the above compound (10.0 g, 43.3 mmol) in 250 mL ofMeOH and 3 mL of THF was added palladium on carbon (0.100 g, 0.940mmol). The reaction was placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen (1 atm)for 14 h. The mixture was filtered, the solids were washed withadditional MeOH and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas concentrated twice with toluene and dried in vacuo to provide methyl1-amino-2-naphthoate that gave a mass ion (ES+) of 202.1 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (8.70 g, 43.2 mmol) in a 200 mLmixture of 1:1 dioxane:CCl₄ at 0° C. was added a solution of bromine(2.23 mL, 43.2 mmol) in 40 mL of 1:1 dioxane:CCl₄ dropwise. The mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 2 h, filtered and washed with Et₂O, and driedto provide methyl 1-amino-4-bromo-2-naphthoate hydrobromide that gaveproton NMR spectra consistent with theory.

To a solution of methyl 1-amino-4-bromo-2-naphthoate hydrobromide (2.00g, 5.54 mmol) in 20 mL of THF was added sodium hydroxide (11.1 mL, 20%aqueous, 55.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 20 h, thenheated at 90° C. for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo andhydrochloric acid (1 N aqueous) was added until pH˜2. The beige solidwas collected via filtration, washed twice with water, and dried toprovide 1-amino-4-bromo-2-naphthoic acid that gave a mass ion (ES+) of266.0 (⁷⁹Br) for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.644 g, 2.42 mmol) in 10 mL ofacetonitrile cooled to 0° C. was added(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)[tris(dimethylamino)]phosphoniumhexafluoro-phosphate (1.82 g, 4.12 mmol),0-(7-azabenzotriazol-1yl)-N,N,N,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (0.921 g, 2.42 mmol),(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-aminium chloride (0.310 g, 2.02mmol), and triethylamine (0.84 mL, 6.1 mmol). The reaction was warmed tort and stirred for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate,washed with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude1-amino-4-bromo-N-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]-2-naphthamidethat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 366.9 (⁸¹Br) for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of the above compound (0.737 g, 2.02 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (2.70 mL, 20.2 mmol) was heated at85° C. for 3 h. The reaction was cooled to rt, concentrated in vacuo,and dried to provide6-bromo-3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onethat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 376.8 (⁸¹Br) for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.800 g, 2.13 mmol) in 10 mL ofDMSO under an atmosphere of nitrogen was added potassium acetate (0.628g, 6.40 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.596 g, 2.34 mmol), and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene]dichloro-palladium(II), 1:1complex with dichloromethane (0.174 g, 0.213 mmol). The mixture washeated at 50° C. for 16 h, cooled to rt, and diluted with water andethyl acetate. The organic solution was washed 3× with brine, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-3% methanol indichloromethane to provide3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onethat gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory.

To a solution of the above compound (0.059 g, 0.14 mmol) in 0.7 mL ofTHF under an atmosphere of nitrogen was added4-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (0.047 g, 0.21 mmol), cesiumcarbonate (2 M, 0.21 mL, 0.42 mmol), and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene]dichloro-palladium(II), 1:1complex with dichloromethane (0.011 g, 0.014 mmol). The mixture washeated at 60° C. for 1 h, cooled to rt, and diluted withdichloromethane. The organic solution was washed 3× with water, driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas purified via preparative reverse phase HPLC to provide1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-{6-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl}-L-threo-pentitolthat gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+)of 441.0 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.048 g, 0.11 mmol) in a mixture of0.6 mL of methanol and 0.6 mL of THF cooled to 0° C. was added sodiumborohydride (8.2 mg, 0.22 mmol). After 16 h, the reaction was treatedwith saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, diluted with water, andextracted 3× with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified via preparative reverse phase HPLC to provide thetitle compound that gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and amass ion (ES+) of 443.2082 for [M+H]⁺ [Calc'd for C₂₆H₂₆N₄O₃,[M+H]⁺=443.2082]: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 8.20-8.17 (m, 1H), 8.07(d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 3H),6.69 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 5.01 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.75-4.68(m, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.29-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s,3H), 3.73-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.01 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.84(m, 1H), 1.65-1.62 (m, 1H).

Example 21,5-Anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol

To a solution of6-bromo-3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]benzo[12]quinazolin-4(3H)-one(see Example 1, 3.65 g, 9.73 mmol) in 20 mL of THF at 0° C. under anatmosphere of nitrogen was added (2-chloro-5-pyridyl)methylzinc chloride(24.3 mL, 0.5 M in THF, 12.2 mmol) andbis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0) (3 mol %). The reaction waswarmed to rt, stirred for 15 min, then recooled to 0° C. and quenchedwith water (50 mL). The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane andwater, and a beige solid was removed via filtration. The filtrate wasextracted 2× with dichloromethane and the combined organic fractionswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was triturated with dichloromethane, and the resultant whitesolid was collected via filtration, washed with dichloromethane, anddried to provide1,5-anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+)of 422.1265 for [M+H]⁺ [Calcd for C₂₃H₂₁ClN₃O₃, [M+H]⁺=422.1266.].

To a solution of the above compound (0.052 g, 0.12 mmoL) in 0.6 mL ofDMF was added tert-butyl(chloro)dimethylsilane (TBSCl, 0.022 g, 0.15mmol) and imidazole (0.018 g, 0.27 mmol). The reaction was heated to 90°C. for 14 h, cooled to rt, treated with water, and extracted 3× withdichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purifiedvia silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-5% methanol indichloromethane to provide1,5-anhydro-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl}-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 436.0 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.102 g, 0.190 mmol) in a mixtureof 0.5 mL of methanol and 0.5 mL of THF cooled to 0° C. was added sodiumborohydride (2.2 mg, 0.057 mmol). After 19 h, the reaction was treatedwith water, and extracted 3× with dichloromethane. The combined organicfractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated invacuo to provide1,5-anhydro-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 538.0 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.053 g, 0.099 mmol) in 0.2 mL ofDMF cooled to 0° C. was added sodium hydride (4.4 mg, 0.11 mmol). After5 min, iodomethane (0.017 g, 0.12 mmol) was added. After 30 min, thereaction was treated with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, dilutedwith water, and extracted 6× with dichloromethane. The combined organicfractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified via silica gel chromatography, elutingwith 0-25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide1,5-anhydro-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 552.1 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.029 g, 0.053 mmol) in 0.5 mL ofTHF cooled to 0° C. was added tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (1.0 M inTHF, 0.079 mL, 0.079 mmol). The reaction was warmed to rt, and after 20h, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via silica gelchromatography, eluting with 0-5% methanol in dichloromethane to providethe title compound that gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theoryand a mass ion (ES+) of 438.1592 for [M+H]⁺ [Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₅ClN₃O₃,[M+H]⁺=438.1579]: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.22(m, 1H), 8.11-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.40 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (br s, 1H), 4.75-4.65 (m, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H),4.34-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.36 (m,1H), 3.09-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.65 (m,1H).

Example 31,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[6-(methylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol

To a solution of6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-one(see Example 2, 0.065 g, 0.15 mmol) in 2 mL of MeOH was added sodiumthiomethoxide (21.6 mg, 0.308 mmol) and 1 mL of DMF. The mixture washeated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 24 h. Additional sodiumthiomethoxide (0.100 g, 1.43 mmol) was added and the reaction was heatedin a sealed tube at 140° C. for 8 hours, cooled to rt, and diluted withdichloromethane and water. The aqueous layer was extracted 3× withdichloromethane and the combined organic fractions were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-5% methanol indichloromethane, to provide3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]-6-{[(6-methylthio)pyridin-3-yl)methyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onethat gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+)of 434.1529 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.106 g, 0.245 mmol) in a mixtureof 4 mL of isopropanol and 0.5 mL of DMSO was added sodium borohydride(0.046 g, 1.2 mmol). After 1 h, the mixture was heated to 40° C., andafter another 1 h, cooled to rt and treated with water. The reaction wasextracted 2× with ethyl acetate and the combined organic fractions weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 30-100%ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound that gave protonNMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of 436.3 for[M+H]⁺: ³H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.79 (m, 3H),7.51-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s,2H), 4.18-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.49(m, 1H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.03-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.85(m, 2H), 1.28-1.24 (m, 1H).

Example 43-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-methyl-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one

6-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onewas prepared by the procedure described for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolin Example 2, substituting (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclohexanol for(3R,4S)-4-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol.

To a solution of6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-one(2.50 g, 5.95 mmol) in 30 mL of THF under an atmosphere of nitrogen wasadded methyl zinc chloride (2 M in THF, 5.95 mL, 11.09 mmol) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), 1:1 complexwith DCM (0.146 g, 0.179 mmol). The reaction was heated at 50° C. for 18h, cooled to rt, and slowly treated with water. A beige solid wasremoved via filtration and the aqueous layer of the filtrate wasextracted 2× with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-5%methanol in dichloromethane, to provide3-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onethat gave proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+)of 400.0 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (1.04 g, 2.39 mmoL) in 20 mL of DMFunder an atmosphere of nitrogen was addedtert-butyl(chloro)dimethylsilane (TBSCl, 0.360 g, 2.39 mmol) andimidazole (0.325 g, 4.77 mmol). After 60 h, triethylamine (0.50 mL, 3.60mmol) was added. After 24 h, the mixture was diluted with water andextracted 2× with ethyl acetate. The combined organic fractions werewashed 2× with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via silica gelchromatography, eluting with 50-80% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide3-[(1S,2S)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-onethat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 514.4 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of the above compound (0.740 g, 1.44 mmol) in a 20 mL ofTHF cooled to 0° C. was added lithium aluminum hydride (1.0 M in THF,2.88 mL, 2.88 mmol). After 30 min, water (0.1 mL), aqueous sodiumhydroxide (1.0 N, 0.1 mL, 0.1 mL), and saturated aqueous ammoniumchloride (0.2 mL) were added. The mixture was filtered through celiteand concentrated in vacuo to provide3-[(1S,2S)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-onethat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 516.4 for [M+H]⁺.

The title compound was prepared by the procedure described for thesynthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolin Example 2, substituting3-[(1S,2S)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}cyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-onefor1,5-anhydro-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h.]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol.The resultant solid gave a proton NMR spectra consistent with theory anda mass ion (ES+) of 416.3 for [M+H]⁺: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.45 (s,1H), 8.27-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.25(m, 1H), 6.97-6.94 (m, 1H), 4.70-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.36 (m, 1H), 4.31(s, 2H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.63 (br s, 1H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H),2.38-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.81 (m,2H), 1.61-1.30 (m, 3H).

Example 53-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-propyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one

3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-onewas prepared by the procedure described for the synthesis of3-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-methyl-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-onein Example 4, substituting allylbromide for iodomethane.

To a solution of3-[(1S,2S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one(0.030 g, 0.068 mmol) in 3 mL of ethyl acetate was added palladium oncarbon (30 mg, 2.8 mmol). The mixture was placed under an atmosphere ofhydrogen (1 atm) for 4 h and was then filtered through a pad of Celite,followed by filtration through a silica gel plug, eluting with 5%methanol in ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo toprovide the title compound that gave a proton NMR spectra consistentwith theory and a mass ion (ES+) of 444.3 for [M+H]⁺: ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃ δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.24-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.93-7.90 (in 2H), 7.54-7.51(m, 2H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71-4.61 (m, 2H),4.37-4.34 (m, 1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 3.60 (br s, 1H), 3.10-3.04 (m, 2H),2.48 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.30 (m, 4H),1.06 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 61,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(fluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol

To a solution of6-bromo-3-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-one(1.00 g, 2.67 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) was added DMAP (1.68 g, 13.3 mmol)and then tert-butyl dimethylsilyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (1.84 mL,8.00 mmol) and the reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction wasdiluted with saturated, aqueous NaHCO₃ and extracted 1× with CH₂Cl₂. Theorganics were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated, and dried. The oily residue was purified via silica gelchromatography, eluting with 5-55% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxobenzoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 490.8 for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of 1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxobenzoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol(1.04 g, 2.13 mmol) in THF (42.5 mL) was cooled at −78° C. and treatedwith a solution of lithium aluminum hydride in THF (1 M, 2.13 mL)dropwise. After stirring 1.5 h at −78° C., additional lithium aluminumhydride in THF (1 M, 2.13 mL) was added. After 2.5 h, starting materialremained, so the reaction was warmed and stirred at −20° C. for 20minutes. The reaction was quenched by adding water (0.17 mL), 15% NaOH(0.17 mL), and additional water (0.51 mL). The resulting mixture waswarmed to room temperature and filtered, washing with EtOAc. Thefiltrate was concentrated and dried, providing1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 492.9 for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of crude1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol(1.01 g, 2.06 mmol) in DMF (17 mL) was cooled at 0° C. Sodium hydride(95%, 62 mg, 2.58 mmol) was added and the resulting yellow mix wasstirred for 5 minutes. Iodomethane (0.27 mL, 4.32 mmol) was added andthe reaction was stored in the freezer overnight. LCMS showed thereaction was incomplete. It was put back in an ice bath and additionalsodium hydride (50 mg) was added. After 20 minutes, the completedreaction was quenched with ammonium chloride and allowed to warm to roomtemperature. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted 2× withCH₂Cl₂. The organics were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated, and dried. The residue was purified via silica gelchromatography, eluting with 10-55% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 506.9 for [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-2-O-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-3,4-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol(0.89 g, 1.8 mmol) in THF (17.5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (1 N, 10mL). Additional concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL) was added. Afterstirring overnight, the solution was basified by addition of saturated,aqueous NaHCO₃, then extracted 2× with EtOAc. The organics were washedwith brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, and dried toprovide1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 392.9 for [M+H]⁺.

To a small pressure vessel was charged1,5-anhydro-3-(6-bromo-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[12]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol(0.67 g, 1.71 mmol), potassium acetate (0.50 g, 5.14 mmol),bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.65 g, 2.57 mmol), and PdCl₂(dppf)-CH₂Cl₂adduct (0.14 g, 0.17 mmol). 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (8.6 mL) was added andthe solution was purged subsurface with nitrogen. The reaction wascapped and heated at 100° C. for 1.5 hours, then diluted with water andextracted 2× with CH₂Cl₂. The organics were washed with ½-saturatedbrine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, and dried. The residuewas purified via silica gel chromatography, eluting with 10-70% ethylacetate in hexanes to provide1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[1-methyl-4-oxo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitolthat gave a mass ion (ES+) of 439.0 for [M+H]⁺.

A solution of1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[1-methyl-4-oxo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol(47 mg, 0.11 mmol), 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(fluoromethyl)pyridinehydrochloride (21 mg, 0.11 mmol), cesium carbonate (98 mg, 0.30 mmol),and PdCl₂(dppf)-CH₂Cl₂ adduct (12 mg, 0.017 mmol) in THF (0.85 mL) andwater (0.10 mL) was purged subsurface with nitrogen, then capped andheated at 100° C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with water andsaturated, aqueous NaHCO₃, then extracted 2× with EtOAc. The organicswere washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, anddried. The residue was purified via silica gel chromatography, elutingwith 20-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound thatgave a proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of436.0 for [M+H]⁺: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),8.27-8.30 (m, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.60(m, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (d, J=46.8 Hz, 2H),4.62-4.76 (m, 3H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 4.17 (dd, J=11.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.06(dd, J=7.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.30(m, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.70 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 1.86-2.06 (m, 2H).

Example 71,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol

A solution of1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[1-methyl-4-oxo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol(47 mg, 0.11 mmol), 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)pyridinehydrochloride (23 mg, 0.11 mmol), cesium carbonate (98 mg, 0.30 mmol),and PdCl₂(dppf)-CH₂Cl₂ adduct (12 mg, 0.017 mmol) in THF (0.85 mL) andwater (0.10 mL) was purged subsurface with nitrogen, then capped andheated at 100° C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with water andsaturated, aqueous NaHCO₃, then extracted 2× with EtOAc. The organicswere washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, anddried. The residue was purified via silica gel chromatography, elutingwith 20-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the title compound thatgave a proton NMR spectra consistent with theory and a mass ion (ES+) of454.0 for [M+H]⁺: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.45 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H),8.28-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.61(m, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (t, J=55.2 Hz, 1H),4.70 (dd, J=32.8, 12.4 Hz, 2H), 4.62-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 4.17(dd, J=10.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (dd, J=7.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.82 (m,1H), 3.51-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.62 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 1.86-2.04 (m, 2H).

Compound# R MS Method 1

442.3 Example 4 2

430.3 Example 4

MS (ES+), Compound# R [M + H]⁺ Method  3

437.9 Example 4  4

450.0 Example 4  5

483.9 Example 4  6

418.0 Example 4  7

434.0 Example 6  8

436.0 Example 6  9

453.9 Example 6 10

418.0 Example 6

The utility of the compounds as M1 receptor positive allostericmodulators may be demonstrated by methodology known in the art,including by the assay described below. The assay is designed to selectcompounds that possess modulator activity at the acetylcholinemuscarinic M1 receptor or other muscarinic receptors expressed inCHOnfat cells by measuring the intracellular calcium with a FLIPR³⁸⁴Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader System. The assay studies the effectof one or several concentrations of test compounds on basal oracetylcholine-stimulated. Ca²⁺ levels using FLJPR.

Compounds are prepared and subjected to a preincubation period of 4 min.Thereafter, a single EC₂₀ concentration of acetylcholine is added toeach well (3 nM final). The intracellular Ca²⁺ level of each sample ismeasured and compared to an acetylcholine control to determine anymodulatory activity.

Cells: CHOnfat/hM1, hM2, hM3 or hM4 cells are plated 24 hr before theassay at a density of 18,000 cells/well (100 μL) in a 384 well plate.CHOnfat/hM1 and CHOnfat/hM3 Growth Medium: 90% DMEM (Hi Glucose); 10% HIFBS; 2 mM L-glutamine; 0.1 mM NEAA; Pen-Strep; and 1 mg/ml Geneticin,are added. For M2Gqi5CHOnfat and M4Gqi5CHOnfat cells, an additional 600ug/ml hygromycin is added.

Equipment: 384 well plate, 120 μL addition plate; 96-well Whatman 2 mlUniplate Incubator, 37° C., 5% CO₂; Skatron EMBLA-384 Plate Washer;Multimek Pipetting System; Genesis Freedom 200 System; Mosquito System;Temo Nanoliter Pipetting System; and FLIPR³⁸⁴ Fluorometric Imaging PlateReader System are used.

Buffers. Assay Buffer: Hanks Balanced Salt Solution, with 20 mM Hepes,2.5 mM Probenecid (Sigma P-8761) first dissolved in 1 N NaOH, 1% BovineSerum Albumin (Sigma A-9647). Dye Loading Buffer: Assay Buffer plus 1%Fetal Bovine Serum and Fluo-4AM/Pluronic Acid Mixture. 2 mM Fluo-4AMester stock in DMSO (Molecular Probes F-14202) Concentration of 2 μM inbuffer for a final concentration of 1 μM in Assay. 20% Pluronic AcidSolution stock, with concentration of 0.04% in Buffer, 0.02% in Assay.

65 μL of 2 mM Fluo-4AM are mixed with 130 μL of 20% Pluronic Acid. Theresulting solution and 650 μL FBS is added to the assay buffer for atotal volume of 65 mL. Positive Controls: 4-Br-A23187: 10 mM in DMSO;final concentration 10 μM. Acetylcholine: 10 mM in water, working stockat both 20 μM and 30 μM in assay buffer, final concentration of 10 μM.This is used to check the maximum stimulation of the CHOK1/hM1 cells, 20μM (2×) acetylcholine is added in the preincubation part of the assay,and the 30 μM (3×) stock is added in the second part. (EC₂₀)Acetylcholine: 10 mM in water, working stock of 9 nM (3×), and finalconcentration in assay is 3 nM. This is used after the preincubationwith test compounds. Addition of the EC₂₀ Acetylcholine to each wellwith a test compound will ascertain any modulator activity. 24 wellscontain 3 nM Acetylcholine alone as a control.

Determining Activity of Putative Compounds:

Screening Plate Compounds are titrated in 96-well plates (columns 2-11),100% DMSO, started at a concentration of 15 mM (150× stockconcentration), and 3-fold serial dilutions using Genesis Freedom200System. Four 96-well plates are combined into a 384-well plate usingMosquito Nanoliter Pipetting System by transferring 1 μl of serialdiluted compounds to each well, and 1 mM acetylcholine (100× stockconcentration) were added as a control. Using Temo, 49 μl assay bufferis added to each well of the 384-well plate right before assay.

In a 96-well Whatman 2 ml Uniplate, 9 nM Acetylcholine (3×) is pipettedinto wells corresponding to the screening compounds, and into controlwells. The 30 μM acetylcholine control (3×) is added into control wells,and the 3× agonist plate is transferred into a 384 well plate.

Cells are washed three times with 100 μL of buffer, leaving 30 μL ofbuffer in each well. Using Multimek, 30 μL of Dye Loading Buffer isadded into each well and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for up to one hr.

After 60 min, the cells are washed three times with 100 μL of buffer,leaving 30 μL of buffer in each well. The cell plate, screening plate,and agonist addition plates are placed on the platform in the FLIPR andthe door closed. A signal test to check background fluorescence andbasal fluorescence signal is performed. Laser intensity is adjusted ifnecessary.

4 min of preincubation with the test compounds is provided to determineany agonist activity on the M1 receptor by comparison to the 1 mMacetylcholine control. After preincubation, the EC₂₀ value ofacetylcholine (3 nM final) is added to determine any modulator activity.

A further description of the muscarinic FLIPR assay can be found inInternational patent application WO2004/073639.

In particular, the compounds of the following examples had activity inthe aforementioned assay, generally with an IP (inflection point) of 10μM (10,000 nM) or less. The inflection point is calculated from theFLIPR values, and is a measure of activity. Such a result is indicativeof the intrinsic activity of the compounds in use as M1 allostericmodulators.

IP values from the aforementioned assay for representative exemplarycompounds of the invention (as described herein) are provided below inTable 1 below:

Example IP Value (nM) 1 15 2 6.3 3 11.5 4 4.0 5 1166 6 2.7 7 2.6The following abbreviations are used throughout the text:

Me: methyl Et: ethyl t-Bu: tert-butyl Ar: aryl Ph: phenyl Bn: benzylDCE: dichloroethylene HMDS: hexamethyldisilazane DMF: dimethylformamideDMFDMA: N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal THF: tetrahydrofuran BOP:benzotriazolyloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphateBoc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl TBS: tert-butyldimethylsilyl TEA:triethylamine TPAP: tetra-n-propyl ammonium perruthenate NMO: N-methylmorpholine N-oxide ClZn: Chlorozinc dppf: diphenylphosphorousferrocenylPMB: p-methoxybenzyl Ms: mesyl Ac: acetyl DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide DCM:dichloromethane m-CPBA: meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid DMEM: Dulbecco'sModified Eagle Medium (High Glucose) FBS: fetal bovine serum rt: roomtemperature aq: aqueous HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography MS:mass spectrometry NADP: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide PhosphateKRED: Ketoreductase NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide FDH: Formatedehydrogenase LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase CDX TA P1G5 ** GDH-103 **KRED-130 ** **Codex Transaminase panel enzyme P1G5 (commerciallyavailable from Codex (Redwood City, California, USA) panel products.

While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference tocertain particular embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art willappreciate that various adaptations, changes, modifications,substitutions, deletions, or additions of procedures and protocols maybe made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Itis intended, therefore, that the invention be defined by the scope ofthe claims that follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly asis reasonable.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of formula (I):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Y is selectedfrom the group consisting of (1) a C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle group, saidheterocycle optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R¹, and (2)C₆₋₁₀ aryl group, said aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups ofR¹, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogen, (2)C₆₋₁₀aryl, (3) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, (4) (CH₂)_(n)halogen, (5) —CN, (6)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, (7) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (8) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl (9) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁴,(10) —NR^(5A)R^(5B), (11) —OH, (12) -oxo wherein said aryl, heterocycle,alkyl and alkenyl moiety is optionally substituted with one to three of(a) halogen, (b) hydroxy, (c) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, (d) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (e)—C(═O)—(O)_(m)—R⁶, (f) —N(R^(5A)R^(5B)), (g) —S(|O)_(n)—R⁸, or (h)C₅₋₁₀heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups ofC₁₋₆ alkyl, R² is selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogen,(2) C₆₋₁₀aryl, (3) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, (4) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl (4)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, (5) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (6) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, (7) —S(═O)_(n)—R⁴,(8) —C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, (9) —C₅₋₈ cycloalkenyl, (11) —NR^(5A)R^(5B),wherein said aryl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl,cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl moiety is optionally substituted with one ormore (a) halogen, (b) hydroxy, (c) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, (d) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (e)—S(═O)_(n)—R⁸, (f) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, (g) —CN, (h) —C(═O)—(O)_(m)—R⁶, (i)—NR^(5A)R^(5B), (j) oxo, (k) C₆₋₁₀ aryl, (l) C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, (m)C₅₋₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, (n) —OC(═O)—R⁶, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl,aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic moiety is optionally substituted withone or more (iv) halogen, (v) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, or (vi) —OC₁₋₆ alkyl; R⁴, R⁶and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of (1)hydrogen, (2) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (3) —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, and (3) —(CH₂)_(n)-aryl,wherein said R⁴, R⁶ and R⁸ alkyl or aryl moiety is optionallysubstituted with one or more (a) halogen, (b) cyano, and (c) —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted with one or morehalogen; R^(5A) and R^(5B) are selected from the group consisting of (1)hydrogen, (2) —C₁₋₆ alkyl, (3) —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, (4) —C(═O)—O—R⁶, (5)—S(O)₂—R⁶, or R^(5A) and R^(5B) are linked together with the nitrogen towhich they are both attached to form a 2-6 membered carbocyclic ring,wherein one or two of the ring carbon atoms is optionally replaced by anitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or
 2. 2. Thecompound according to claim 1 wherein Y is C6-10aryl, optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 groups of R1 selected from the group consistingof C5-10 heterocycle, OH, (CH2)nhalogen, —CN, —O—C1-6 alkyl, —C1-6alkyl, —C2-6 alkenyl, —SC1-6alkyl, and —NR5AR5B, said heterocycleoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of C1-6 alkyl.
 3. The compoundaccording to claim 1 wherein Y is C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 groups of R¹ selected from the group consistingof C₅₋₁₀ heteroaryl, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), said heteroaryloptionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 4. The compoundaccording to claim 1 wherein R² is —C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl.
 5. The compoundaccording to claim 1 wherein R² is optionally substituted C₅₋₁₀heterocycle, or C₅₋₁₀ heterocycloalkyl.
 6. The compound according toclaim 5 wherein the R² is optionally substituted cyclohexyl, pyranyl,pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, triazolyl and azaindolizinyl.7. The compound according to claim 6 wherein R⁴ is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl.
 8. Thecompound according to claim 1 represented by structural formulas (II)and (IIA):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is —CH₂— or—O—, Y is C₆₋₁₀aryl, or C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, optionally substituted with 1to 3 groups of R¹ selected from the group consisting of C₅₋₁₀heterocycle, C₅₋₁₀ heteroaryl, OH, (CH₂)_(n)halogen, —CN, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, and —NR^(5A)R^(5B), saidheterocycle and heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups ofC₁₋₆ alkyl, and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl.
 9. The compound according to claim 8wherein Y is an optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, or indolyl. 10.The compound according to claim 1 represented by structural formula(III):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R² and R⁴ are asoriginally described, and A is an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₀heteroaryl.
 11. The compound according to claim 10 wherein theheteroaryl of A is optionally substituted pyridyl or indolyl, and R² isoptionally substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₅₋₁₀ heterocycle, or C₁₀heterocycloalkyl and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —C₂₋₆ alkenyl.
 12. The compound according toclaim 11 wherein R² is selected from the group consisting of pyranyl,cyclohexyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, triazolyl andazaindolizinyl and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of methyl,ethyl propyl, isopropyl, and C₂₋₄alkenyl.
 13. The compound according toclaim 1 represented by structural formulas (IV) and (IVA):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is —CH2- or—O—, A is optionally substituted pyridyl or indolyl and R⁴ is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl,and C₂₋₄alkenyl.
 14. A compound which is1,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-{(6-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-L-threo-pentitol;1,5-Anhydro-3-{6-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl}-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentitol;1,5-Anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[6-(methylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-methyl-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one;3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-propyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(1H)-one;1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(fluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(fluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-[6-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3(2H)-yl]-L-threo-pentitol;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compoundof claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 16. A pharmaceutical compositionfor the treatment of a disease or disorder mediated by the muscarinic M1receptor, wherein said disease or disorder is selected from the groupconsisting of Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia, comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.
 17. A method of treating a disease or disordermediated by the muscarinic M1 receptor, wherein said disease or disorderis selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease orschizophrenia, in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering tothe patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.